[Temporal trend in the evaluation of adequate management for diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in primary health care in Brazil (2012-2018)]. / Tendência temporal da avaliação do manejo adequado para diagnóstico e tratamento da tuberculose na atenção primária à saúde no Brasil entre 2012-2018.

This study aimed to analyze the presence of infrastructure and adequate work processes in primary health care (PHC) for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in Brazil from 2012 to 2018. This is a temporal trend study carried out with data from basic health units (BHU) evaluated in the cycles I (2012), II (2014), and III (2018) of the Brazilian National Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Basic Care (PMAQ-AB). Variance-weighted least-squares regression was used to estimate annual changes, in percentage points, of the infrastructure and adequate work process of TB in relation to the macroregion, municipality size, Municipal Human Development Index, and Family Health Strategy coverage. The sample consisted of 13,842 BHU and 17,202 health teams in cycle I; 24,055 BHU and 29,778 teams in cycle II; and 28,939 BHU and 37,350 teams in cycle III. There was a gradual improvement in the proportion of infrastructure and work process for TB care over the three cycles of the PMAQ-AB, but none of the sites is fully adequate. The greatest trend of adequate infrastructure was observed in the South Region, and in 2018, 76.5% of the UBS had all the instruments for TB care. The greatest trend of adequate work process was in the North Region, and in 2018, 50.8% of the teams had all the items for TB care. The Brazilian National Program for Tuberculosis Control and the PMAQ-AB have contributed to these advances, but there is still a need to promote public policies that ensure the continuous improvement of TB care in PHC, the effectiveness of TB control and prevention measures.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a presença de infraestrutura e processo de trabalho adequados na atenção primária à saúde (APS) para o diagnóstico, o monitoramento e o tratamento da tuberculose (TB) no Brasil de 2012 a 2018. Estudo de tendência temporal realizado com dados das unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) avaliadas nos ciclos I (2012), II (2014) e III (2018) do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). Foi empregada a regressão de mínimos quadrados ponderada por variância para estimar as mudanças anuais, em pontos percentuais da infraestrutura e processo de trabalho adequado da TB em relação à macrorregião, ao porte do município e ao Índice Municipal de Desenvolvimento Humano e cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família. A amostra foi composta por 13.842 UBS e 17.202 equipes de saúde no ciclo I, 24.055 UBS e 29.778 equipes no II e 28.939 UBS e 37.350 equipes no III. Observou-se melhora gradual na proporção de infraestrutura e processo de trabalho ao atendimento da TB ao longo dos três ciclos do PMAQ-AB; contudo, nenhum local está integralmente adequado. A maior tendência de infraestrutura adequada foi verificada na Região Sul e no ano de 2018, em que 76,5% das UBS tinham todos os instrumentos para o cuidado à TB. A maior tendência de processo de trabalho adequado foi na Região Norte e no ano de 2018, em que 50,8% das equipes tinham a totalidade de itens para o cuidado à TB. O Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose e o PMAQ-AB contribuíram para tais avanços, mas ainda é necessário o fomento de políticas públicas que garantam a melhoria contínua da assistência à TB na APS e a eficácia das medidas de controle e prevenção da doença.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la presencia de infraestructura y proceso de trabajo adecuado en la atención primaria de salud (APS) para el diagnóstico, monitoreo y tratamiento de la tuberculosis (TB) en Brasil entre los años 2012 y 2018. Estudio de tendencia temporal realizado con datos de las unidades básicas de salud (UBS), evaluadas en los ciclos I (2012), II (2014) y III (2018) del Programa Nacional de Mejoría de Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB). Se utilizó la regresión de mínimos cuadrados ponderada por varianza para estimar los cambios anuales, en puntos porcentuales de la infraestructura y el proceso de trabajo adecuado de la TB en relación con la macrorregión, el tamaño del municipio, el Índice Municipal de Desarrollo Humano y la cobertura de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. La muestra se compuso de 13.842 UBS y 17.202 equipos de salud en el ciclo I, 24.055 UBS y 29.778 equipos en el ciclo II y 28.939 UBS y 37.350 equipos en el ciclo III. Se observó una mejoría gradual en la proporción de infraestructura y proceso de trabajo en la atención de la TB a lo largo de los tres ciclos del PMAQ-AB, sin embargo, ningún local está completamente adecuado. Se verificó la mayor tendencia de infraestructura adecuada en la Región Sur y, en 2018, el 76,5% de las UBS tenían todas las herramientas para el cuidado de la TB. La Región Norte tuvo la mayor tendencia de proceso de trabajo adecuado y, en 2018, el 50,8% de los equipos tenían todo lo necesario para el cuidado de la TB. El Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis y el PMQA-AB contribuyeron para estos avances, pero aún es necesario promover políticas públicas que aseguren la mejoría continua de la asistencia de la TB en la APS y la eficacia de las medidas de control y prevención de la enfermedad.

Post-surgery financial toxicity and its influencing factors in colorectal cancer care: A cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the influence factors of financial toxicity experienced by colorectal cancer patients after surgery. The results will provide deep insights for developing effective intervention strategies to address this common issue of colorectal cancer care. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 213 postoperative patients with colorectal cancer from February 2023 to July 2023 in two major public hospitals. Patients completed the General Information Questionnaire, Comprehensive Scores for Financial Toxicity (COST), Self-perceived Burden Scale (SPBS), Family Resilience Questionnaire (FaREQ), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). A multiple linear regression model was used to investigate the influence factors of financial toxicity. RESULTS: The mean score of financial toxicity was medium (18.91 ± 7.90) in this study. Financial toxicity score was negatively correlated with self-perceived burden (r = -0.333, P < 0.01) and positively associated with family resilience (r = 0.365, P < 0.01) and social support (r = 0.388, P < 0.01). Via multiple linear regression analysis, we identified seven significant factors associated with financial toxicity, including family income [(95 %CI: 1.075-3.123); P = 0.000], self-perceived burden [(95 %CI: 0.300∼-0.038); P = 0.012], stoma [(95 %CI: 5.309∼-1.682); P = 0.000], social support [(95 %CI:0.058-0.407); P = 0.009], cancer stage [(95 %CI: 2.178∼-0.170); P = 0.022], postoperative duration [(95 %CI: 1.900∼-0.332); P = 0.005], and family resilience [(95 %CI: 0.028-0.203); P = 0.010]. CONCLUSIONS: Financial toxicity was prevalent among postoperative colorectal cancer patients. Additional support and early interventions should be given to high-risk patients, including those with stomas, advanced disease stages, or experiencing longer postoperative duration. Apart from demographic factors, we identified that self-perceived burden, family resilience, and social support were also associated with financial toxicity, providing a new perspective for developing effective strategies against financial toxicity.

The Role of Socioeconomic and Health Services Organizational Factors on Infection Control Structure Score, Brazil.

This study aimed to analyze possible associations between the Infection Control Structure Score (ICSS), health services, and social characteristics of the municipalities in Brazil. Secondary data from the third cycle 2017-2018 of the Brazilian National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ) was analyzed. Six independent variables - FIRJAN Index of Municipal Development, number of inhabitants, number of family health teams receiving a financial incentive from the federal government, healthcare expenditure per capita, and number of Oral Health Teams modalities 1 and 2 - were included to assess their influence on ICSS, measured for each Brazilian town. Data analysis used the Classification and Regression Tree model performed with IBM SPSS 25. A total of 4,900 municipalities were included, and the mean ICSS was 0.905 (±0.092). A positive relationship was observed between healthcare expenditure per capita, municipal development, and the outcome. Conversely, towns with a higher number of family health teams receiving a financial incentive from the federal government showed lower mean ICSS. The findings suggest that inequalities in the infection control structures exist within the country, and they were related to the health services and social characteristics of the municipalities.

Well-Being of Children and Families in COVID-19 Hotspots in Chicago.

BACKGROUND: Families in high-risk communities for COVID-19 transmission experienced a disproportionate burden during the pandemic. This study assessed these families' needs, changes in children's well-being, and perceptions related to the pandemic. METHODS: Four online surveys were administered January 2021 to September 2021 to parents of students, enrolled in parochial, kindergarten-eighth grade schools in Chicago neighborhoods with higher COVID-19 incidence rates by ZIP code, compared to the city average, and higher resource need. RESULTS: The response rate was 69.1% (n = 186 of 269) in the baseline survey; and other surveys were at 1 (n = 151), 3 (n = 145), and 5 months (n = 154). Of the sample, 83% of parents identified as Hispanic/Latinx with a mean age of 38.3 years (SD: 8.5). Approximately a quarter of parents reported difficulty paying cable and internet bills (26%) and paying utilities (25%). Parents reported children as happy (94% and 95%, p = .59) and hopeful (96% and 95%, p = .74) at 1-month (February to May 2021) and 5-month surveys (June to September 2021). Parents also reported fewer children were irritable (29% vs 19%, p = .03), felt lonely (17% vs 10%, p = .03), and felt isolated (28% vs 9%, p < .001) between those survey waves. The majority (67%) of parents felt that their child had no difficulty wearing a mask in public. CONCLUSIONS: In this longitudinal study, Chicago parents rated children's well-being highly and reported a decrease in negative emotions over time. The areas of need identified may be particularly relevant for outreach and providing resources to Hispanic/Latino families in future emergencies or global health threats.

Feasibility of linking universal child and family healthcare and financial counselling: findings from the Australian Healthier Wealthier Families (HWF) mixed-methods study.

OBJECTIVES: 'Healthier Wealthier Families' (HWF) seeks to reduce financial hardship in the early years by embedding a referral pathway between Australia's universal child and family health (CFH) services and financial counselling. This pilot study investigated the feasibility and short-term impacts of HWF, adapted from a successful Scottish initiative. METHODS: Setting: CFH services in five sites across two states, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS: Caregivers of children aged 0-5 years experiencing financial hardship (study-designed screen). DESIGN: Mixed methods. With limited progress using a randomised trial (RCT) design in sites 1-3 (March 2020-November 2021), qualitative interviews with service providers identified implementation barriers including stigma, lack of knowledge of financial counselling, low financial literacy, research burden and pandemic disruption. This informed a simplified RCT protocol (site 4) and direct referral model (no randomisation, pre-post evaluation, site 5) (June 2021-May 2022). INTERVENTION: financial counselling; comparator: usual care (sites 1-4). Feasibility measures: proportions of caregivers screened, enrolled, followed up and who accessed financial counselling. Impact measures: finances (quantitative) and other (qualitative) to 6 months post-enrolment. RESULTS: 355/434 caregivers completed the screen (60%-100% across sites). In RCT sites (1-4), 79/365 (19%-41%) reported hardship but less than one-quarter enrolled. In site 5, n=66/69 (96%) caregivers reported hardship and 44/66 (67%) engaged with financial counselling; common issues were utility debts (73%), and obtaining entitlements (43%) or material aid/emergency relief (27%). Per family, financial counselling increased income from government entitlements by an average $A6504 annually plus $A784 from concessions, grants, brokerage and debt waivers. Caregivers described benefits (qualitative) including reduced stress, practical help, increased knowledge and empowerment. CONCLUSIONS: Financial hardship screening via CFH was acceptable to caregivers, direct referral was feasible, but individual randomisation was infeasible. Larger-scale implementation will require careful, staged adaptations where CFH populations and the intervention are well matched and low burden evaluation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12620000154909.

[The Family Health Strategy and addressing violence against children and adolescents: an integrative review]. / A Estratégia Saúde da Família e o enfrentamento à violência contra crianças e adolescentes: revisão integrativa.

The scope of this study was to highlight what has been discussed about addressing violence against children and adolescents in the context of the Family Health Strategy in the scientific literature. It involved an integrative review of the literature, conducted in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Web of Science and American Psychological Association (PsycINFO) databases. In the survey, the controlled descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) and the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were used, including domestic violence, child abuse, educational technology and primary health care for DeCS and MeSH. A total of 2,403 results were obtained, with the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 15 articles were analyzed. Violence has been seen as a public health problem, being identified as a sensitive problem in PHC. Despite the identification of cases of violence against children and adolescents in the FHS, the lack of preparedness of professionals and the fragility in the coping network prejudice the adequate care for this public. Thus, there is a need to strengthen the network available and encourage the capacity building and training of professionals working in PHC.

Objetivou-se evidenciar na literatura científica o que se foi discutido sobre o enfrentamento à violência contra crianças e adolescentes no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados Medical Literatute Analysisand Retrieval System Online (Medline), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Web of Science e American Psychological Association (PsycINFO) e nestas, utilizaram-se os descritores controlados em Ciências da Saúde (DeCs) e do Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), sendo estes: "domestic violence", "child abuse", "educational technology", "primary health care" para DeCs e MeSh. Obteve-se um total de 2.403 resultados, com aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram analisados 15 artigos. A violência é vista como um problema de saúde pública, sendo identificada como um problema sensível a APS. Apesar da identificação de casos de violência contra crianças e adolescentes na ESF, o despreparo dos profissionais e a fragilidade na rede de enfrentamento fragmentam a assistência adequada a este público. Assim, há necessidade de fortalecimento da rede disponibilizada e incentivo a capacitação e formação dos profissionais atuantes na APS.

Performance of Family Health Strategy Nurses in LGBT+ Healthcare.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role of Family Health Strategy (FHS) nurses in the health care of LGBT+ individuals. METHODS: This qualitative study is based on Institutional Analysis. Data was collected in August 2021 through semi-structured interviews with 14 Family Health Strategy nurses from municipalities in the state of São Paulo. The data was processed using the IRaMuTeQ® software and analyzed lexically. RESULTS: The textual corpus gave rise to three themes, which addressed the nurses' practice, the difficulties and challenges they face in providing care to LGBT+ individuals, and the direct association of LGBT+ individuals with sexually transmitted infections. CONCLUSION: Lack of preparedness, access to information, and the need for expanded listening skills are still gaps in the performance of FHS nurses in caring for LGBT+ individuals. However, fostering acceptance and building strong relationships have been effective strategies in bridging the gap in nursing care for the LGBT+ community.

Temporal analysis of Family Health Strategy indicators from the perspective of the Brazilian National Primary Health Care Policy. / Análise temporal de indicadores da Estratégia Saúde da Família sob o olhar da Política Nacional da Atenção Básica.

Throughout the three editions of the Brazilian National Primary Health Care Policy (PNAB), changes were made in relation to the structure of the Family Health Strategy (FHS), with emphasis on modifications concerning the priority nature of the FHS as an organization and care strategy in primary health care. The objective was to analyze temporal trends in indicators related to the FHS from the perspective of the three PNAB editions: 2006, 2011, and 2017. This is a descriptive study of the temporal trend of indicators selected from a logical model constructed by components related to the FHS in the three editions of the PNAB. The logical model was developed based on the components Territory/Enrollment, Teams, Work Process, Territory Planning and Management, and Care for Priority Groups by Family Health Teams, each one being represented by selected indicators. The construction of the national and regional time series between 2007 and 2020 was carried out using the Joinpoint software. Most of the indicators showed an upward trend in the first time segments identified by the models, followed by segments of stability or decrease, especially after the year 2017. The indicator Number of community health workers stands out, which decreased after 2017 in most geographical regions and in Brazil. The 2017 PNAB may have discouraged the continuation and expansion of the FHS as the priority model of primary health care, by allowing and financing new teamwork arrangements and processes.

Ao longo das três versões da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB) alterações foram realizadas em relação à estruturação da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), com destaque para modificações em relação ao caráter prioritário da ESF como estratégia de organização e de cuidado na atenção básica. O objetivo foi analisar tendências temporais de indicadores referentes à ESF sob o olhar das três versões da PNAB 2006, 2011 e 2017. Estudo descritivo de tendência temporal de indicadores selecionados a partir de modelo lógico construído por componentes referentes à ESF nas três versões da PNAB. O modelo lógico foi elaborado baseado nos componentes Território/Adscrição, Equipes, Processo de Trabalho, Planejamento e Gestão do Território, e Cuidados à Grupos Prioritários pelas Equipes de Saúde da Família, sendo cada um representado por indicadores selecionados. A construção das séries temporais entre 2007 e 2020, nacional e regionais, foi realizada utilizando o software Joinpoint. A maioria dos indicadores apresentou tendência de crescimento nos primeiros segmentos temporais identificados pelos modelos, seguidos por seguimentos de estabilidade ou queda, principalmente após o ano de 2017. Destaca-se o indicador Número de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde que apresentou queda após 2017 na maioria das regiões geográficas e no Brasil. A PNAB 2017 pode ter proporcionado um desestimulo à continuidade e ampliação da ESF como modelo prioritário da atenção básica, ao permitir e financiar novos arranjos e processos de trabalhos de equipes.

A lo largo de las tres versiones de la Política Nacional de Atención Básica (PNAB) alteraciones fueron realizadas en relación con la estructuración de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF), con destaque para modificaciones en relación con el carácter prioritario de la ESF como estrategia de organización y de cuidado en la atención básica. El objetivo fue analizar tendencias temporales de los indicadores referentes a la ESF desde la perspectiva de las tres versiones de la PNAB, 2006, 2011 y 2017. Estudio descriptivo de la tendencia temporal de los indicadores seleccionados a partir del modelo lógico construido por componentes referentes a la ESF en las tres versiones de la PNAB. El modelo lógico fue elaborado basado en los componentes Territorio/Adscripción, Equipos, Proceso de Trabajo, Planificación y Gestión del Territorio y Atención a Grupos Prioritarios por Equipos de Salud de la Familia, siendo cada uno representado por indicadores seleccionados. La construcción de las series temporales entre 2007 y 2020, nacional y regional, se realizó utilizando el software Joinpoint. La mayoría de los indicadores presentaron una tendencia de crecimiento en los primeros segmentos temporales identificados por los modelos, seguidos por segmentos de estabilidad o la caída, principalmente después del año 2017. Se destaca el indicador Número de Agentes Comunitarios de Salud que presentó una caída después de 2017 en la mayoría de las regiones geográficas y en Brasil. La PNAB 2017 puede haber proporcionado un desaliento a la continuidad y ampliación de la ESF como modelo prioritario de la atención básica, al permitir y financiar nuevos arreglos y procesos de trabajo de los equipos.

Understanding Dalit equity: a critical analysis of primary health care policy discourse of Kerala in the context of 'Aardram' mission.

BACKGROUND: The Government of Kerala in 2017 launched the Aardram Mission with the aim to revamp public health delivery in the State. A key strategy under the mission was its focus on comprehensive primary health care to achieve equitable health care delivery through the Family Health Centre (FHC) initiative. Given this, the current study aims to examine the primary health care policy discourse for their perspectives on caste-driven inequities. METHODS: The study undertook a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of the primary health care policy discourse in Kerala. This included CDA of spoken words by senior health policy actors and policy texts on Aardram Mission and FHC. RESULTS: Though equity was a major aspirational goal of the Mission, related policy discourse around equity failed to acknowledge caste as a potential axis of health marginalisation in the State. The dismissal of caste manifested in three major ways within the policy discourse. One, the 'invisibilisation' of caste-driven inequities through strategies of (un)conscious exclusion of Dalit issues and 'obliteration' of caste differences through the construction of abstract and homogenous groups that invisibilise Dalits. Secondly, locating caste as a barrier to primary health care initiatives and health equity in the state, and finally through the maintenance of an 'apoliticised' social determinants discourse that fails to recognize the role of caste in shaping health disparities, specifically among Dalits in Kerala. CONCLUSION: Given Kerala's renewed commitment to strengthening its public health provisioning, the acknowledgment of caste-driven inequities is invariable in its path toward health equity and social justice.

Listening and valuing clients: conceptions and practices in the care management in the Family Health Strategy. / Escuta e valorização dos usuários: concepções e práticas na gestão do cuidado na Estratégia Saúde da Família.

We aimed to analyze the practices of receiving, bonding, and shared responsibility in producing care in the Family Health Strategy. This qualitative, exploratory study in the dimension of hermeneutics-dialectics was conducted from August and November 2021 in Iguatu, Ceará, with 25 professional coordinators of the Family Health Strategy teams. A semi-structured interview was adopted to collect data. We identified different conceptions among the coordinators about reception and bonding. We shared responsibility: conceptual aspects linked to the experimental care practice mode the team experienced, the aspects that intervened in these processes, and the relationships built through care management and production. We evidenced contributions to evaluating and improving care management and production in the Family Health Strategy and the Unified Health System (SUS). Reception, bonding, and shared responsibility were proven potential tools in qualifying care management in the Family Health Strategy. Improving professional skills and investing in relational technologies are required for humanized health practice.

Objetivou-se analisar as práticas de acolhimento, vínculo e corresponsabilização na produção do cuidado da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa, na dimensão da hermenêutica-dialética, realizado entre agosto e novembro de 2021, em Iguatu, Ceará. Participaram 25 profissionais coordenadores das equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados. Identificaram-se diferentes concepções entre os coordenadores sobre acolhimento, vínculo e corresponsabilização, sendo eles: aspectos conceituais ligados ao modo de experienciação das práticas de cuidado vivenciadas pela equipe, e os aspectos intervenientes nesses processos e nas relações construídas na gestão e produção do cuidado. Evidenciaram-se contribuições para a avaliação e o aprimoramento da gestão e produção do cuidado na Estratégia Saúde da Família e no Sistema Único de Saúde. As práticas de acolhimento, vínculo e corresponsabilização mostraram-se como ferramentas potenciais na qualificação da gestão do cuidado na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Considera-se que o aperfeiçoamento das habilidades profissionais e o investimento nas tecnologias relacionais são exigências para a prática humanizada em saúde.

Childcare appointment at the Family Health Strategy in municipalities in the inland region of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. / Consulta de puericultura na Estratégia Saúde da Família em municípios do interior do estado da Paraíba, Brasil.

This article aims to evaluate the childcare appointments by health professionals working at the Family Health Strategy in municipalities in the State of Paraíba, compare the performance by health team type (The Mais Médicos Program or conventional), and analyze the association of client satisfaction with the developed actions. This cross-sectional study evaluated the structural conditions of health units, the work process of health professionals, and client satisfaction, observing childcare appointments in 22 health teams. Poor employment relationships and professionals' knowledge about child growth curves were highlighted in the structure. In the 175 appointments observed, we detected neglect in completing the Child Health Booklet (CHB), obtaining data on food consumption, and guidance practices. Only 36% of the appointments were classified with adequate duration. There was greater satisfaction for appointments developed in health teams of the Mais Médicos Program, with longer duration and better performance in guidance practices. The implementation of childcare appointments reveals significant gaps that can influence maternal satisfaction.

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a consulta de puericultura realizada por profissionais de saúde que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família em municípios do estado da Paraíba, comparar o desempenho segundo o tipo de equipe de saúde (Programa Mais Médicos ou convencional) e analisar a associação da satisfação do usuário com as ações desenvolvidas. Estudo transversal que avaliou as condições de estrutura das unidades de saúde, o processo de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde e a satisfação do usuário, observando-se as consultas de puericultura em 22 equipes. Na estrutura, destacaram-se fragilidades no vínculo laboral e nos conhecimentos dos profissionais sobre as curvas de crescimento infantil. Nas 175 consultas observadas foi possível constatar negligenciamento no preenchimento da Caderneta da Criança, na obtenção de dados do consumo alimentar e nas práticas de orientação. Apenas 36% das consultas foram classificadas com tempo de duração adequado. Houve maior satisfação para consultas realizadas em equipes do Programa Mais Médicos, com maior tempo de duração e com melhor desempenho nas práticas de orientação. A implementação da consulta de puericultura apresenta lacunas importantes que podem influenciar a satisfação materna.

[Dissemination of the Family Health Strategy: explanatory factors of the adhesion of municipalities in São Paulo, Brazil, in the coercive context of induction by the federal government]. / Difusão da Estratégia Saúde da Família: fatores explicativos da adesão dos municípios de São Paulo, Brasil, no contexto coercitivo de indução pela esfera federal.

The scope of this paper is to analyze the adhesion of municipalities in São Paulo to the Family Health Strategy (FHS). The adhesion data in SP showed that it did not occur unanimously, immediately or uniformly. The theory of policy diffusion was used, with the objective of studying the process of adoption and implementation of public policies by subnational entities, in contexts where coercion occurs in the federal sphere. From the discussions related to the diffusion mechanism called coercion, the following question was answered: what explains the diffusion of the FHS in the municipalities of SP, in the coercive context of vertical influence? The survival analysis technique was applied to identify explanatory factors for the diffusion of the FHS, considering political and party variables of institutional design, neighborhood influence, internal needs, and structural factors. The results reveal that horizontal interactions between both ideological and regional subnational governments, as well as the local social, economic and political issues are relevant to understand the research questions. This finding enables us to reflect on the limits of vertical influence in the promotion of initiatives for subnational governments.

Este artigo tem como objeto de análise a adesão de municípios paulistas à Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Os dados de adesão em SP demonstram que ela não ocorreu de forma unânime, imediata nem uniforme. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico de difusão de políticas públicas, tendo como objetivo conhecer de maneira específica o processo de adoção e implementação de programas e políticas públicas por entes subnacionais, em contextos em que haja coerção pela esfera federal. A partir das discussões teóricas relacionadas ao mecanismo de difusão chamado de coerção, respondeu-se à seguinte pergunta: o que explica a difusão da ESF nos municípios paulistas no contexto coercitivo de influência vertical? A técnica análise de sobrevivência foi aplicada para a identificação de fatores explicativos da difusão da ESF, considerando variáveis de desenho institucional, políticas e partidárias, efeito vizinhança, necessidade da política e fatores estruturais. Os resultados demonstram que as interações horizontais entre governos subnacionais, tanto ideológicas quanto regionais, e mais as questões sociais, econômicas e políticas locais foram importantes. Esse achado permite refletir sobre os limites da influência vertical na promoção de iniciativas para governos subnacionais.

Regional with urban-rural variation in low birth weight and its determinants of Indian children: findings from National Family Health Survey 5 data.

BACKGROUND: Low birth weight is a key indicator for child health, especially a concern in low-middle-income countries. However, health and medically-related reforms are being actively implemented in some middle-income countries like India. Identifying low birth weight (LBW) babies with their determinants across the whole country is essential to formulate regional and area-specific interventions. The objective of this study was to find out the burden and determinants of LBW on the regional and residential (rural-urban) divisions of India. METHODS: The present study was based on the NFHS-5 dataset (2019-21), a nationally representative survey in India. A total of 209,223 births were included in this study. A newborn weighing less than 2500 g was considered as LBW. According to the objectives, we used frequency distribution, chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis for analysing the data. RESULTS: About 18.24% of the babies were LBW in India, significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas (18.58% vs 17.36%). Regionally prevalence was more frequent in western (20.63%) and central (20.16%) rural areas. Regarding maternal concerns, in the eastern and southern regions of India, mothers aged 25-34 were less likely to have LBW children than mothers aged 35-49 years. It was found that the risk of LBW was more likely among the children born out of unintended pregnancies in almost all regions except for eastern part. In rural India, women who delivered children at home were more likely to have LBW children in India (AOR = 1.19, CI: 1.12-1.28, p < 0.001) and its central, northern, and southern regions than those who gave birth in institutions. The study indicates that LBW coexists with lower maternal education levels and poor household wealth index across all regions. About 58% and 57% of cumulative effects of independent variables on LBW can be distinguished in urban and rural India, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted-specific strategies need to be undertaken as per region and geographical variations. Then only India should be able to decline LBW as proposed by National Health Policy.

Mídias sociais como ferramentas para a extensão remota: um relato de experiência de uma liga acadêmica de enfermagem / Social media as tools for remote extension: an experience reportof an academic nursing league / Las redes sociales como herramientas de extensión a distancia: relato de experiencia de uma liga académica de enfermería

O Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causador da pandemia de COVID-19, tem causado problemas mundiais para além da doença, como na Educação, que, na impossibilidade da promoção de encontros presenciais, precisou encontrar formas de oportunizar a continuidade dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem. Desse modo, a Liga de Enfermagem em Saúde da Família, considerando o cenário pandêmico e a necessidade de seguir com as atividades, teve que se adequar ao formato remoto e usar da sua criatividade para transpor as barreiras físicas da sala de aula.Objetivo:Relatar as ações extensionistas desenvolvidas virtualmente pela Liga de Enfermagem em Saúde da Família, demonstrando sua importância para a formação acadêmica em Enfermagem.Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência,sobre atividades desenvolvidas por acadêmicos de Enfermagem na Liga de Enfermagem em Saúde da Família vinculada ao Curso de Enfermagem da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará.Resultados:A extensão foi desempenhada de forma onlinepor meio do Instagrame Youtube, com a criação de vídeos, imagens educativas e eventos com temas atuais e relevantes para a promoção da saúde, considerando a realidade sanitária, divididos em eixos: cooperação social, integração interprofissional, acadêmica e comunitária, politização acadêmica, datas comemorativas e vacinação.Conclusões:Esse relato reforça a interação universidade-sociedade frente a momentos de reestruturação, e a relevância das Ligas como estratégias extracurriculares de ensino, integrando-se à pesquisa e à extensão (AU).

The Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, which caused the COVID-19 pandemic, has been causing worldwide problems beyond the disease itself, for instance in Education, which became unable to provide face-to-face meetings, it had tofind ways to make possible to continue the teaching-learning processes. Considering the pandemic scenario and the need to continue their activities, the members of Academic Nursing League in Family Healthhad to adapt to a remote format and use their creativity to bridge the physical barriers of a classroom. Objective:To report academic extension actions developed virtually by members of the Nursing League in Family Health, demonstrating its importance for college education in nursing.Methodology:This is a descriptive study, an experience report developed from the activities performed by members of theAcademic Nursing League in Family Health, bounded to the Nursing College of Vale do Acaraú State University, in Sobral city, Ceará state.Results:Extension actions were performed using Instagramand Youtubeplatforms, by creating videos, educational images, and events approaching current and relevant topics for health promotion. Taking into consideration the sanitary reality of the population, topics werecategorized in the following groups: social cooperation; professional, academic, and community integration; academic politization; special dates; and vaccination.Conclusions:This report reinforces the university-society interaction facing restructuring moments and the relevance of academic leagues as an extracurricular strategy of teaching, integrating it to research and extension actions (AU).

El Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), provocador de la pandemia del COVID-19, ha ocasionado a nivel mundial problemas más allá de la enfermedad, como por ejemplo en la Educación, que, ante la imposibilidad de ofrecer citas presenciales, ha necesitado encontrar formas de generar oportunidades para la continuidad de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. De esa forma, la Liga de Enfermería en Salud de la Familia, considerando el escenario de la pandemia y la necesidadde seguir con las actividades, ha tenido que adaptarse al formato remoto y a echar creatividad para rebasar las barreras físicas del aula. Objetivo:Informar las acciones de extensión desarrolladas virtualmente por la Liga de Enfermería en Salud de la Familia, demostrando su relevancia para la formación académica en el curso de Enfermería. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, del tipo relato de experiencia, desarrollado a partir de las actividades de los estudiantes de Enfermería de la Liga de Enfermería en Salud de la Familia vinculada al Curso de Enfermería de la Universidad Estatal Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará. Resultados: Se ha realizado la extensión en línea a través de Instagramy Youtube, con la creación de videos, imágenes educativas y eventos con temas actuales y relevantes para la promoción de la salud, considerando la realidad de la salud, divididos en ejes: cooperación social, interprofesional, académica e integración comunitaria, politización académica, fechas conmemorativas y vacunación.Conclusiones: Este informe refuerza la interacción universidad-sociedad frente a momentos de reestructuración, y la relevancia de lasLigas como estrategias de enseñanza extracurricular, integrándose con la investigación y la extensión (AU).

Odisha tribal family health survey: methods, tools, and protocols for a comprehensive health assessment survey.

Tribal or indigenous communities have unique health behaviors, challenges, and inequities that nationally representative surveys cannot document. Odisha has one of India's largest and most diverse tribal populations, constituting more than a fifth of the state. State and tribe-specific health data generation is recommended in India's national roadmap of tribal health. The Odisha tribal family health survey (OTFHS) aims to describe and compare the health status of tribal communities in the state of Odisha and to estimate the prevalence of key maternal-child health indicators and chronic diseases. This paper summarizes the methodology, protocols, and tools used in this survey. This is a population-based cross-sectional survey with a multistage random sampling design in 13 (tribal sub-plan areas) districts of Odisha, India. We will include participants of all age groups and gender who belong to tribal communities. The sample size was calculated for each tribe and aggregated to 40,921, which will be collected from 10,230 households spread over 341 clusters. The survey data will be collected electronically in modules consisting of Village, Household, and Individual level questionnaires. The age-group-specific questionnaires were adapted from other national family health surveys with added constructs related to specific health issues of tribal communities, including-critical indicators related to infectious and non-communicable diseases, multimorbidity, nutrition, healthcare-seeking behavior, self-rated health, psycho-social status, maternal and child health and geriatric health. A battery of laboratory investigations will be conducted at the household level and the central laboratory. The tests include liver function tests, kidney function tests, lipid profile, iron profile, and seroprevalence of scrub typhus and hepatitis infections. The datasets from household questionnaires, field measurements and tests and laboratory reports will be connected using a common unique ID in the database management system (DBMS) built for this survey. Robust quality control measures have been built into each step of the survey. The study examines the data focused on different aspects of family health, including reproductive health, adolescent and child health, gender issues in the family, ageing, mental health, and other social problems in a family. Multistage random sampling has been used in the study to enable comparison between tribes. The anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests would help to identify the indicators of chronic diseases among various age groups of the population.

Quality of life at work and Burnout in family health strategy workers.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between quality of life at work and Burnout in workers in the Family Health Strategy. METHODS: Correlational, cross-sectional study carried out with 112 workers, in the pandemic period (October/2020 to June/2021), in Palmas/Tocantins. The Quality of Work Life Assessment Questionnaire (QWLQ-bref) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) were used. RESULTS: A strong negative correlation was identified between Emotional Exhaustion and the Physical/Health, Professional and Total Quality of Life Score at work; and moderate negative correlation between Depersonalization and all domains of Quality of Work Life. Professional Achievement showed a moderate positive correlation with the Psychological and Personal domains and with the Total Quality of Work Life Score. CONCLUSION: The best Quality of Work Life indices were correlated with lower Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization scores and higher scores of Professional Achievement.

The inverse equity hypothesis in the implementation of NASF-AB in municipalities of Southern Brazil. / A hipótese da equidade inversa na implementação do NASF-AB em municípios do Sul do Brasil.

The present study aimed to analyze the evolution of the implementation of Family Health and Primary Health Care Expanded Support Centers (NASF-AB, in Portuguese) in the municipalities of Southern Brazil, from 2008 to 2019, in light of the inverse equity hypothesis. This was an ecological study, considering 1,188 municipalities of Southern Brazil. The analyses were separated by state, with municipalities divided into quartiles of Municipal Human Development Index - Income (MHDI-Income). Our study calculated the cumulative percentage of the implementation of NASF-AB within the given period and the inequality between Q1 (richest) and Q4 (poorest), assessed by the absolute and relative inequality measures. In Paraná, Q1 presented a higher coverage of NASF-AB than did Q4, and, although the inequality had decreased at the end of the period, it was still quite distinct, according to the "top inequality" pattern. In Santa Catarina, the predictions of the hypothesis were confirmed, with inequalities found in the beginning of the period and a near 90% decline once NASF-AB had been implemented in the municipalities of Q1, characterizing the "bottom inequality" pattern. In Rio Grande do Sul, the hypothesis was refuted observing that since 2014 there was a greater implementation in Q4 as compared to Q1 was observed.

O objetivo foi verificar a evolução da implementação do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (NASF-AB) nos municípios da região Sul do Brasil, de 2008 a 2019, sob à luz da hipótese da equidade inversa. Estudo ecológico considerando 1.188 municípios do Sul do Brasil. As análises foram separadas por estado, com os municípios divididos em quartis de Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal - Renda. Foi calculado o percentual acumulativo de implementação do NASF-AB no período e a desigualdade entre Q1 (mais rico) e Q4 (mais pobre) verificada por medidas de desigualdade absoluta e relativa. No Paraná o Q1 apresentou maior cobertura do NASF-AB do que o Q4 e, apesar da desigualdade ter reduzido ao final do período, ainda estava bem demarcada, seguindo padrão "top inequality". Em Santa Catarina ocorreu o que prevê a hipótese, com aumento das desigualdades no início e posterior redução quando já existia NASF-AB em cerca de 90% dos municípios do Q1, caracterizando "botton inequality". No Rio Grande do Sul a hipótese foi refutada ao observar, a partir de 2014, maior implementação no Q4 em relação ao Q1.

Quality of life of older adults in Family Health Strategy: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: With the increase in the older adult population, it is essential to identify the living and health conditions that can impact the quality of life of these individuals. OBJECTIVES: To identify the domains and factors associated with the quality of life of older adults under the Family Health Strategy program. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the municipality of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. METHODS: We assessed 449 older adults enrolled in the Family Health Strategy program. Data were collected between April and July, 2018. World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-OLD) was used to assess the quality of life (QoL) and multiple linear regression was used to estimate the factors associated with QoL. RESULTS: The QoL domain with the highest score was death and dying (mean = 70.4), and the lowest score was for sensory functions (mean = 61.0 points). The factors associated with QoL were single marital status (ß = -4.55; P = 0.014), level of independence for daily living activities (ß = 4.92; P < 0.001), self-assessment of regular health (ß = 5.35; P < 0.001), and poor health (ß = -8.67; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The death and dying domain of QoL presented the highest score. Marital status, impairment in daily activities, and health self-assessment were associated with QoL.

Development, successes, and potential pitfalls of multidisciplinary chronic disease management clinics in a family health team: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: The creation of Family Health Teams in Ontario was intended to reconfigure primary care services to better meet the needs of an aging population, an increasing proportion of which is affected by frailty and multimorbidity. However, evaluations of family health teams have yielded mixed results. METHODS: We conducted interviews with 22 health professionals affiliated or working with a well-established family health team in Southwest Ontario to understand how it approached the development of interprofessional chronic disease management programs, including successes and areas for improvement. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis of the transcripts identified two primary themes: [1] Interprofessional team building and [2] Inadvertent creation of silos. Within the first theme, two subthemes were identified: (a) collegial learning and (b) informal and electronic communication. CONCLUSION: Emphasis on collegiality among professionals, rather than on more traditional hierarchical relationships and common workspaces, created opportunities for better informal communication and shared learning and hence better care for patients. However, formal communication and process structures are required to optimize the deployment, engagement, and professional development of clinical resources to better support chronic disease management and to avoid internal care fragmentation for more complex patients with clustered chronic conditions.

Estratégia saúde da família como espaço de insatisfação e satisfação profissional / Family health strategy as a place for job dissatisfaction and satisfaction / La estrategia de salud familiar como espacio de insatisfacción y satisfacción profesional

Os fatores que interferem na satisfação e insatisfação dos profissionais que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família são diversos e de inúmeras características. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os fatores de satisfação e insatisfação de profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Forquilhinha/SC. Trata-se de um estudo de métodos mistos, descritivo e exploratório, realizado com 15 profissionais da saúde de três Unidades de Saúde por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados segundo a análise de conteúdo temática com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti. Os resultados geraram 72 categorias, vinculados a cinco subcategorias, associados a duas categorias. Os grupos fatores de insatisfação e satisfação encontrados envolvem a atuação na rotina diária, estrutura e serviços das unidades e do sistema de saúde, os direitos trabalhistas, a organização dos elementos de atuação, e as relações interpessoais com os colegas, usuários e gestores. A satisfação é indicada, principalmente, pela relação com os colegas e pela divisão de tarefas entre os profissionais. Em contrapartida, a falta de reconhecimento e desvalorização, além da sobrecarga trabalho, são os principais motivos de insatisfação. Os aspectos geradores de satisfação e insatisfação dos profissionais são múltiplos e até mesmo ambíguos e podem colaborar para prejuízo ou melhoria da prestação do cuidado a saúde.

The factors that interfere with the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of professionals working in the Family Health Strategy are diverse. The objective of the study was to identify the factors of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of professionals of the Family Health Strategy in the municipality of Forquilhinha (SC). This is a mixed-methods, descriptive and exploratory study, carried out with 15 health professionals from three health units by means of semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed according to thematic content analysis, with the help of the Atlas.TI 9.0 software. The results generated 72 codes, linked to five subcategories, associated with two categories. The groups of dissatisfaction and satisfaction factors found involve: the performance in the daily routine, structure and services of the units and the health system, labor rights, the organization of the performance elements, and the interpersonal relationships with colleagues, users and managers. Satisfaction is indicated mainly by the relationship with colleagues and the division of tasks among professionals. On the other hand, the lack of recognition and the devaluation, besides the work overload, are the main reasons for dissatisfaction. The aspects that generate satisfaction and dissatisfaction among professionals are multiple and even ambiguous and can contribute to hinder or improve health care delivery.

Los factores que interfieren en la satisfacción o en la insatisfacción de los profesionales que actúan en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar son diversos. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores de satisfacción e insatisfacción de los profesionales de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar del municipio de Forquilhinha (Santa Catarina, Brasil). Se trata de un estudio de métodos mixtos, descriptivo y exploratorio, realizado con 15 profesionales sanitarios de tres unidades de salud mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos se analizaron según el análisis de contenido temático con la ayuda del software Atlas.TI 9.0. Los resultados generaron 72 categorías, vinculadas a cinco subcategorías, asociadas a dos categorías. Los factores de insatisfacción y satisfacción encontrados tienen que ver con la actuación en la rutina diaria, la estructura y los servicios de las unidades y del sistema de salud, los derechos laborales, la organización de los elementos de actuación y las relaciones interpersonales con los compañeros, los usuarios y los gestores. La satisfacción está indicada principalmente por la relación con los compañeros y el reparto de tareas entre los profesionales. Por otro lado, la falta de reconocimiento y la desvalorización, además de la sobrecarga de trabajo, son los principales motivos de insatisfacción. Los aspectos que generan satisfacción e insatisfacción de los profesionales son múltiples, incluso ambiguos, y pueden perjudicar o mejorar la prestación de la asistencia sanitaria.